Polyethylene glycol, abbreviated as PEG, is a high molecular polymer formed by the polymerization of ethylene glycol. It has multiple forms such as single chain polyethylene glycol, branched polyethylene glycol, and multi arm polyethylene glycol, which has good water solubility. It also has good solubility with many organic components. PEG modification of proteins and peptide drugs can prolong the half-life of drugs, reduce immunogenicity, and preserve their biological activity as much as possible. The mechanism is that after PEG chemical modification of the protein, the modifier couples with the protein molecule, resulting in an increase in the molecular weight of the protein and a change in its spatial structure. PEG will not be degraded before it is cleared. The barrier effect of PEG protects proteins from being easily degraded by proteases, while reducing the production of antibodies. When the molecular weight of the modified protein reaches or exceeds the minimum value of glomerular filtration, the protein can escape glomerular filtration after entering the kidney with blood circulation, thus staying in the blood circulation for a longer time. Modified PEG can also be used as excipients in drug delivery systems.